The Evolution of Nationalism in Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s Historical Bengali Novels
SUMANTA MONDAL
Skills University, Santiniketan,
West Bengal, India
Abstract:
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, a pioneering figure in Bengali literature and a significant architect of Indian nationalism, intricately wove themes of patriotism and national identity into his historical novels. This abstract explores the evolution of nationalism in Chattopadhyay’s works, highlighting how his narratives transitioned from romanticized histories to potent political commentaries that inspired the Indian independence movement. In his early novels, such as “Durgeshnandini” (1865) and “Kapalkundala” (1866), Chattopadhyay employed historical settings primarily as a backdrop for romantic tales. These works subtly infused patriotic sentiments, reflecting a nascent sense of national pride without overt political overtones. The portrayal of heroic figures and grand historical events served more to entertain and evoke a sense of cultural pride among readers rather than to mobilize them politically. The shift in Chattopadhyay’s narrative focus becomes pronounced with “Anandamath” (1882), his seminal work that profoundly influenced Indian nationalism. Set against the backdrop of the Sannyasi Rebellion of the late 18th century, “Anandamath” portrays the struggle against oppressive rulers and introduces the iconic hymn “Vande Mataram.” This hymn, which became a rallying cry for the Indian independence movement, symbolizes the motherland as a divine entity, fostering a fervent nationalist spirit among its readers. Through “Anandamath,” Chattopadhyay’s nationalism matured, advocating for collective action and self-sacrifice for the nation’s freedom. Chattopadhyay’s subsequent works, including “Devi Chaudhurani” (1884) and “Sitaram” (1886), further solidify his role as a literary nationalist. These novels depict resilient characters, particularly strong women, who challenge colonial oppression and societal norms. Intertwining personal valor with nationalistic fervor, Chattopadhyay’s later works offer a more direct critique of colonial rule and a call to action. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s historical Bengali novels reflect a dynamic evolution of nationalism. From early expressions of cultural pride to explicit calls for political resistance, his literary journey mirrors the growing consciousness and articulation of Indian nationalism, laying a foundational stone for subsequent freedom fighters and nationalist writers.
Keywords: Nationalism, Indian Independence Movement, Vande Mataram, Nationalistic Fervor, Historical Bengali Novels.
Doi Link – https://doi.org/10.69758/GIMRJ2406IIV12P023
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