Savarkar’s Hindutva and the Evolution of Indian Nationalism
Prof. B. C. Swain
Head, Department of Education, Maharana Pratap College, Mohania, Bihar
Abstract
The ideological construct of Hindutva, as articulated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, has played a significant role in shaping a distinctive strand of Indian nationalism. This conceptual paper seeks to examine Savarkar’s formulation of Hindutva not merely as a religious identity, but as a broader civilizational and cultural framework intended to unify the Hindu community into a cohesive national entity. Through a critical analysis of its historical development, core principles, and sociopolitical implications, the study explores how Hindutva diverges from both traditional Hinduism and secular interpretations of nationalism. The paper begins by situating Savarkar’s ideas within the broader anti-colonial nationalist movements of the early 20th century, highlighting the socio-political context that gave rise to his ideology. It then delves into the definitional boundaries of Hindutva, emphasizing its emphasis on common ancestry, culture, and territorial unity. The study further analyses the influence of Hindutva on Indian national identity, particularly its impact on political discourse and the conceptualization of citizenship and belonging. While acknowledging Hindutva’s contribution to the discourse on national unity, the paper also engages with major criticisms, particularly those related to its exclusionary tendencies and its implications for India’s religious minorities. These tensions are explored through both historical critiques and contemporary political developments. The final section reflects on the enduring legacy of Savarkar’s thought and its relevance in contemporary India, especially in light of ongoing debates on nationalism, pluralism, and secularism. By offering a nuanced conceptual analysis, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of Hindutva’s role in the evolution of Indian nationalism and raises critical questions about the ideological directions shaping India’s democratic and cultural future.
Keywords: Hindutva, Indian Nationalism, Cultural Nationalism, Religious Identity, Secularism in India
DOI link – https://doi.org/10.69758/GIMRJ/25050402V13P0004
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